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The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (Past and Present Publications), by Jack Goody
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Around 300 A.D. European patterns of marriage and kinship were turned on their head. What had previously been the norm - marriage to close kin - became the new taboo. The same applied to adoption, the obligation of a man to marry his brother's widow and a number of other central practices. With these changes Christian Europe broke radically from its own past and established practices which diverged markedly from those of the Middle East, North Africa and Asia. In this highly original and far-reaching work Jack Goody argues that from the fourth century there developed in the northern Mediterranean a distinctive but not undifferentiated kinship system, whose growth can be attributed to the role of the Church in acquiring property formerly held by domestic groups. He suggests that the early Church, faced with the need to provide for people who had left their kin to devote themselves to the life of the Church, regulated the rules of marriage so that wealth could be channelled away from the family and into the Church. Thus the Church became an 'interitor', acquiring vast tracts of property through the alienation of familial rights. At the same time, the structure of domestic life was changed dramatically, the Church placing more emphasis on individual wishes, on conjugality, and on spiritual rather than natural kinship. Tracing the consequences of this change through to the present day, Jack Goody challenges some fundamental assumptions about the making of western society, and provides an alternative focus for future study of the European family, kinship structures and marriage patterns. The questions he raises will provoke much interest and discussion amongst anthropologists, sociologists and historians.
- Sales Rank: #1396221 in Books
- Color: Green
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 1983-07-29
- Released on: 1983-07-07
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x .71" w x 5.43" l, .74 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 324 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
About the Author
Jack Goody is Emeritus Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of St John's College. Recently knighted by Her Majesty The Queen for services to anthropology, Professor Goody has researched and taught all over the world, is a Fellow of the British Academy and in 1980 was made a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2004 he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and he was elected Commandeur des Arts et Lettres in 2006.
Most helpful customer reviews
9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
A real eye-opener!
By Mark Howells
Why did Europe in particular develop the prohibitions against marry close kin that are still with us today? Why are a deceased spouse's siblings, the spouses of deceased siblings, various degrees of cousins, and god-children forbidden from being considered eligible marriage partners? The ancient Israelites, Greeks, and Romans had no such prohibitions. The Germanic peoples who settled northern Europe after the Roman Empire fell in the West did not carry these taboos with them. Where did they come from?
This book argues that Fourth Century Christianity invented these marriage prohibitions which had previously not existed in either Biblical or Roman civil law traditions. The effect, if not the actual purpose, of these prohibitions was to limit the number of inheritance strategies available to property owners. By narrowing the options for trans-generational wealth transfers (including the virtual disappearance of civil adoption), the developing Church became the beneficiary of an increasingly large number of heirless people.
The wealth of the Church expanded to such a point that the lay authorities had to legislate against various accumulation strategies used by the Church - culminating ultimately with the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII.
The premise is a fascinating one and does a reasonable job of explaining why we have the marriage prohibitions which are with us today. The first few chapters are a bit of a tough read as they set the anthropological ground work of the study. However, the subsequent chapters are a historians delight. Truly an innovative work.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Goody, Goody.
By Stephen F. Scruby
I'm not going to go into much detail in this, but I have to say as a graduate student, I'm tired of a lot of the crap that Jack Goody gets. He brings an anthropological approach and methodology to a topic that has for far too often been confined to history. He has excellent quantitative arguments, and provides helpful, if sometimes confusing, figures such as pedigrees to illustrate his points throughout the text. Even if you don't buy Goody's arguments, it's a good idea to read this if you're a medievalist (which Goody isn't, by the way). Most historians could do with more exposure to anthropological methodologies. The sheer amount of discussion this text has generated speaks to its importance. Anyone interested in the history of European matrimonial customs must read this as a formative text.
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Two thumbs up
By B. Beth
Very interesting, highly recommend.
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